Introduction Several years ago, I completed my PhD research on the structure, chemistry, and electrodynamics of the ionosphere, with particular emphasis on the behaviour of the F₂‑region and the equatorial anomaly. Although this work was carried out in an earlier phase of space‑science research, the underlying physics, modelling approaches, and observational insights remain highly relevant today. With modern interest in satellite communication, GNSS (Global Navigational Satel

Revisiting My Early Ionospheric Modelling Work Through a Modern Lens Over the past several weeks, I have been restoring and digitizing some of my early research work from the mid‑1990s — work that originally existed only as printed pages filled with equations, derivations, and numerical modelling notes. Using a custom image‑processing pipeline that I developed recently (shadow removal, LAB‑space gradient correction, safe margin detection, and high‑accuracy OCR), these pages a

The terrestrial ionosphere is one of the most fascinating natural plasma laboratories available to us. Stretching from roughly 60 km to more than 1000 km above Earth’s surface, it is sculpted by solar radiation, geomagnetic fields, and atmospheric chemistry. This region reflects and refracts radio waves, enabling long‑distance communication long before satellites existed. Its layered structure—D, E, and F regions—responds dynamically to solar activity, making it both a challe

In the current high-performance computing environment, developers require tools that are both powerful and easy to configure. Fortran and CUDA remain essential for scientific and engineering applications but integrating them can be complex and error prone. Docker addresses this issue by offering a consistent, portable environment that packages code, compilers, libraries, and system tools, thus resolving the typical “it works on my machine” problem. This blog post builds on r

** FORTRAN code work is in progress will also be shared from GitHub References Geomagnetic coordinates, time, and field in Centered and Eccentric Dipole approximations. Ramana, K V V , Murthy, K S R N and Khan, Ibrahim , Indian Journal of Radio & Space Physics Vol. 27, February 1998, pp.35-42. http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/35273 A Theoretical Study of F2-region Equatorial Anomaly in Solar Maximum and Minimum, K S R Narayana Murthy, PhD (Thesis), 1995. Departmen